Bizarre Saturn Hexagon, Vortex Star in Cassini Photo

Cassini View of Saturn Vortex and Hexagon
NASA's Cassini spacecraft captured this photo of Saturn's north polar vortex and hexagon on April 25, 2017, when the probe was about 274,000 miles (441,000 kilometers) from the ringed planet. (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute)

NASA's Cassini spacecraft has given us another great look at the odd hexagon and vortex that swirl around Saturn's north pole.

The hexagon is a jet stream composed of air traveling at about 200 mph (320 km/h), NASA officials have said. The bizarre feature is huge — about 20,000 miles (32,000 kilometers) wide — and has existed for at least 37 years. (Researchers first saw the hexagon after NASA's Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 probes flew by Saturn, in 1980 and 1981, respectively.)

The vortex sits at the middle of this sharp-cornered structure, giving Saturn's north polar region the appearance of an enormous, unblinking eye.

Cassini snapped the newly released image on April 25, when the probe was about 274,000 miles (441,000 km) from Saturn. The image scale is 16 miles (26 km) per pixel, NASA officials said.

A day later, on April 26, Cassini began a series of daring dives between Saturn's cloud tops and the planet's innermost rings. This "Grand Finale" phase ended on Sept. 15, when Cassini plunged intentionally into Saturn's thick atmosphere, ending the spacecraft's long and accomplished mission.

That mission — a collaboration involving NASA, the European Space Agency and the Italian Space Agency — began with Cassini's launch in October 1997. The orbiter reached Saturn on June 30, 2004, and it delivered a lander called Huygens to the surface of the ringed planet's largest moon, Titan, in January 2005.

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Mike Wall
Senior Space Writer

Michael Wall is a Senior Space Writer with Space.com and joined the team in 2010. He primarily covers exoplanets, spaceflight and military space, but has been known to dabble in the space art beat. His book about the search for alien life, "Out There," was published on Nov. 13, 2018. Before becoming a science writer, Michael worked as a herpetologist and wildlife biologist. He has a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia, a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz. To find out what his latest project is, you can follow Michael on Twitter.